Internal-combustion engine



June 23, 1925.

K. ELTZE INTERNAL COMBUS TION ENGINE Filed Dec. 16, 1924 In'vQmnP fin-t ZZ T215- Patented June 23,1925. I I I UNITED-STATES PATENT OFFICE,

KURT ELTZE, or MANNHEIM-KAFERTAL, GERMANY, A-SSIGNOR T.O 'nmvz & cm, nnnuscnn ao'romomn- U. moroann-ranmx axrmncnsnrnscnur, or MANNHEIM, smear, A CORPORATION or GERMANY.

INTERN LII-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Application Med December 10, 1924. Serial in. 756,211.

To aZZ- whom it may concern. passageway" of improved shape or cross sec- Be it known that I, KURT EL'rzE, a citizen tion opening into the combustion chamber in of Germany, and a resident of Mannheim a'plura lity of orifices, one of which is cen- Kafertal, Germany, have invented certain trally located and of relatively larger diame- 5 new and useful Improvements in Internalter. Preferably the, enlarged orifice is 10- Combustion Engines, of which the following cated in position for being closed by a plug is a specification. provided on the plunger of the engine and My invention relates to improvements in having a length sufficient to close the a 1- internal .combustion engines, and more parture until the injection of the fuel is finished, ticularly in engines of the Diesel type in which is the-case with the crank at an angle which the combustion ofthe fuel takes lace of 60. Therefore, the atomization of the 55 7 during a part of a" working stroke 0 the fuel is effected exclusively through the small plunger and at uniform pressure, and in passages of the igniting member, and after which an ignition chamber is provided for the injection and combustion have been comstarting purposes and for atomizing the inpleted it is immaterial as far as expansion is jected fuel during the normal operation of concerned whether or not the ignition and 7.0 the engine. In engines of this type such as working chambers communicate through the i are now in use a tubular igniting member said orifice. v

is located in the path of the fuelii'njected For the purpose of explaining the inventhrough an atomizing nozzle whereby the tion an example embodying the same has particles of fuel impinge against the inbeen illustrated inthe accompanying drawcandescent wall of said igniting member. ing showing a section of the upper part of The igniting member communicates with the the cylinder of the engine. working chamber of the cylinder through In the example shown in the drawing the fine apertures through which the fuel is head of of the cylinder is formed with an thrown in a state of minute atomization into ignition chamber or adapted to have fuel-in-- $0 the main compression chamber of the cylinjected into the same through an atomizing der. I have found that by thus injecting nozzle 6 when the working plunger h is subthe fuel through narrow passages a pressure stantially in its upper dead center. Ignidifi'ercnce is produced between the cylinder tion for starting the engine is obtained by and the ignition chamber before ignition means of a resistance wire or coil n1 adapted takes place in the latter, whereby the charge to be brought to incandescence by connect is Whirled around and fuel is driven into ing'it to'a source of electric current. After the ignition chamber, which interferes with the spray of fuel has been ignited by this complete combustion within the ignition incandescent wire, and when the main ig chamber and results in the deposition of nit-ion member 0 has reached the roper soot therein. Further, the said fine passages temperature,,the electric current to t e coil cause a loss of energy because they have a n is interrupted, and the said member 0 will throttling action at times when such action fire the explosive mixture during the noris highly undesirable, such as after ignition mal running of the engine. Thespecific arof the charge. rangement of this igniter n is not claimed in The primary object of the invention is the present application, but is included in to provide an ignition member so constructthe claims of my copending application ed and arranged that the injected fuel will Serial No. 3,071 filed in the United States be completely atomized and thoroughly Patent Ofiice on January 17, 1925. Within mixed with the air in the combustion chamthe reduced bottom part of the said chambar to provide an explosive charge for the her there is an igniting member in the form cylinder. of a bushing c fitting in the said bottom part Another object of the invention is to posiand providing an annular chamber e theretion the ignition member which fires the with the size of which is such as to insure mixture during the normal running of the heating of the bushing at the desired temengine, in the passageway connecting the perature. At its bottom the bushing 0 is ignition chamber with the combustion eham provided with passages f for the in ection her, and to provide through said member a of the fuel from the chamber a into the working chamber of the cylinder. In addition the said bottom of the bushing is provided with an axial opening m of large diameter which is adapted to be closed by an axial plug 2' provided on the plunger h and loosely fitting in the said aperture. The length of the said plug is such that the aperture is closed while the plunger 71, moves from its upper dead center down to an angle of the crank of about when the injection of the fuel is finished.-

Through the passages f the fuel ignited within the ignition chamber a is injected by preliminary explosion into the main compression chamber where it is burnt by hot air.

By providing the aperture m in the bottom wall of the bushing 0 the said bushing must be made with a comparatively large diameter, and the said diameter is sometimes larger than is desirable in view of the whirling of the fuel and air within the ignition chamber, said whirling being caused by the difference of pressure between the ignition chamber and the working chamber of the cylinder when the working plunger is in its upper dead center and before the ignition within the ignition chamber has been started. it the bottom part of the bushing 0 is nar row the combustible mixture rushes into'the ignition chamber at high velocity thus producing a thorough mixture of fuel and air within the ignition chamber. If, however, the bottom part of the bushing is too broad a pure combustible mixture is produced within the ignition chamber. For this reason I prefer to reduce the bushing c in cross-section at a part above the plug 2', as is shown at 70.

I claim:

1. An internal combustion engine compris in; a cylinder, a plunger movable in said cylinder, a cylinder head, a combustion chamber, an ignition chamber, a passageway between said chambers, a nozzle mounted in the wall of the ignition chamber and adapted to eject fuel into the same and said passageway, an igniting bushing mounted in said passageway and having a tapering bore, meanslforming a plurality of orifices at one end of said bushing, and means for closing one ofisaid orifices during the injection of fuel into said passageway.

2. In'an internal combustion engine having a cylinder, a piston moving in said cylinder, a combustion chamber, an ignition chamber and a passageway between said chambers, means for injecting fuel into said passageway, an igniting bushing mounted in said passageway and provided with an in ternal bore of tapering cross-section and a restricted throat forming a plurality of orifices between said throat and combustion chamber, and means on the piston for closing one of said orifices intermediate its ends, means when said piston is in a predetermined position.

3. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder having a compression chamber, an ignition chamber, means forming a passageway between said chambers, an ignition bushing mounted in said passageway, said bushing being provided with an axial bore of tapering cross-section extending from one end and terminating in a throat intermediate the ends, means forming a plurality of angularly arranged orifices and a large central orifice between the said throat and combustion chamber, and a lug mounted on the piston and adapte to extend through said central orifice and spaced from said throat when the piston is at the top of the cylinder.

In testimony whereof I hereunto afiix my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

KURT ELTZE.

Witnesses:

Dr. ALFRED Ramses, GRETE 0: En. 

